Swelling of the epididymis (the single, narrow, tightly-coiled tube connecting the efferent ducts from the testes to the vas deferens.) is referred to as epididymitis.You have an acute case of epididymitis if the swelling lasts for 6 weeks or less. If your infection persists for over 6 weeks, you will be treated for chronic epididymitis. Epididymo-orchitis occurs if the swelling spreads beyond the epididymis into the testicles.

Your doctor will want to prevent the spread of your infection to prevent scrotal abscess (pus filled infection) or shrinkage of the testicle. If left unchecked, severe epididymitis can cause male infertility or tissue necrosis (tissue death). Fortunately, epididymitis can usually be treated with medication and a little time. In the rare cases where medication and time don’t clear the infection, surgery will be considered.

Medications to Treat Epididymitis

Initially your doctor will treat your epididymitis conservatively, prescribing medication and some simple pain-relieving tips.

Even before a diagnosis of epididymitis is confirmed, your doctor will likely prescribe antibiotics to treat the infection and prevent it from spreading. Anti-inflammatory medication such as ibuprofen can help reduce swelling. If you are experiencing great pain, pain medication can alleviate your discomfort. Acute epididymitis usually sees improvement within 2-3 days of antibiotic use. Chronic epididymitis may not respond to antibiotic treatment.

In addition to medication, you will be advised to “take it easy”: to get some bed rest, and to apply cold packs or use a heating pad according to your comfort level. Elevating the scrotum with a small towel or wearing athletic support may alleviate your discomfort, and refraining from intercourse may help clear your infection faster.

Surgical Treatment for Epididymitis

If your infection develops into a scrotal abscess, your doctor may consider surgery to drain the pus. In extreme cases where tissue necrosis occurs, your doctor will consider performing an epididymectomy where a portion or all the epididymis is surgically removed. 75% of patients who have undergone an epididymectomy feel relief within a few weeks of surgery.

Talk to your doctor about the best ways to treat your epididymitis and alleviate your discomfort.